\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{luamplib}
\usepackage{dwmpcode}
\begin{document}
\mplibtextextlabel{enable}
\begin{mplibcode}
beginfig(1);
    numeric u, v; u = 40; v = 29; 
    path xx, yy;  
    xx = (3/2 left -- 5 right) scaled u;
    yy = (3/2 down -- 4 up) scaled v;
    for x=-1, 1, 2, 3, 4:
        draw yy shifted (x * u, 0) withcolor 7/8;  % grid
        draw (down--up) shifted (x * u, 0);        % ticks
        label("$" & decimal x & "$", (x * u, -8));
    endfor
    for y=-1, 1, 2, 3:
        draw xx shifted (0, y * v) withcolor 7/8;  % grid
        draw (left--right) shifted (0, y * v);     % ticks
        label("$" & decimal y & "$", (-10, y * v));
    endfor
    drawarrow xx; label.rt("$x$", point 1 of xx);
    drawarrow yy; label.top("$y$", point 1 of yy);
endfig;
\end{mplibcode}
\end{document}